Additional Bomb Shelter Information
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*  We believe the advantages of having shelter access from within your home outweigh the disadvantages. If you can
enter your shelter without leaving your home, you greatly expand the utility of your protected space. Your shelter can
also function as a panic room in the event of a home invasion robbery and can be more easily utilized for food storage
and a vault for valuables. You also have electricity and water right at your shelter site.

*  It is standard practice to draw air from the outside - away from the home, and discharge the air into the home -
preferably near the door between the shelter and the rest of Shelter. If you are discharging filtered air from your shelter
into an adjacent Earth Sheltered Home area, you will have that area protected from airborne threats as well because all
of the air in that area will be flowing outward from the shelter. If you have an airtight door at the other end of that
adjacent area, you will have created an airlock. As long as you only have only one of the doors in that airlock open at a
time - and the NBC filter is on, you will ensure that airborne toxins do not enter your shelter and or Your Earth
Sheltered Home.

*  An Domed ceiling is desirable as it conducts the load to the walls more efficiently. A majority of the shelter projects we
get involved with are integrated with new home construction. If you are going to build a home, building a shelter
underneath or adjacent to your home and incorporating the cost and on site skilled labor into the home construction will
save you time and money.An airlock. The easiest way to incorporate an airlock is to put your NBC filter as far away
from the door as possible, flow the air through your shelter toward your door, then out a blast valve adjacent to - or
above - the door and out into a area that has a gas tight door on the other end. You will need another overpressure valve
adjacent to that gas tight door, but if you set it up this way, all the air in that hallway or stairway will be flowing one way
- out of your shelter.

*  No dead spaces in the airflow. The air comes in through the intake pipe, goes through the Safe Cell, and is introduced
into the shelter out the top port of the Safe Cell. From here, it finds its way to the overpressure valve on the outflow blast
valve. Where you place the filter and the outflow blast valve determines exactly where it "finds it's way." They should be
at opposite corners or opposite ends of your shelter. If you have multiple rooms that the air flows through, it is standard
practice to have an overpressure valve between the rooms. There is a limit to how many overpressure valves you can push
air through - you may be doubling the pressure with each valve and more pressure means less airflow. The valve should
be mounted alternately high and low. Storage rooms need less airflow than living spaces.

*  Blast protection
Most underground shelters have the structure to resist blast pressures, but their portals to the outside need protection as
well. It makes no sense to have a shelter that will withstand high pressure blast waves and not install blast doors and
blast valves. A detonation imparts several pressure waves – incident (direct), reflective, and a combined incident and
reflective wave called the Mach stem. These high pressure waves blow the atmosphere out from the point of detonation
creating a momentary vacuum - a dramatic drop in air pressure. This vacuum can be dangerous to equipment and
occupants of a shelter.

Blast valves are devices that install over the ventilation pipes inside your shelter. They are normally open to low pressure
air moving in both directions. When a high pressure wave comes over your shelter, the valve automatically shuts. When
the vacuum that follows the pressure wave comes over your shelter, the blast valve will also close. Then they will return
to their neutral position - letting the NBC filter move low pressure air into and out out of your shelter.

Blast doors should have a pressure rating and a rebound load rating. To handle as much pressure as possible, all
swinging blast doors should swing outward so the pressure load is transferred directly from the door leaf to the frame. If
the door were to swing inward, the load would have to travel from the door leaf, through the latches and hinges, and
then to the frame. It is more efficient to have the door leaf act as a bridge between the sides of the frame and take the
load in the seated condition.

The rebound load rating need not be greater than negative 14.5 PSI (1 bar). This is the standard air pressure at sea level -
when you remove the air, you can only go down to a vacuum (zero pressure). The latches and hinges need to be
engineered to take this negative 1 bar load without failing.

*  Ventilation
Ventilation is how you move air from the outside, flow through, and then back out of your shelter. You can do this with
filtered or fresh air. Proper ventilation replenishes the oxygen supply and removes the carbon dioxide and moisture that
the occupants exhale. Ideally, you should bring the air into your shelter in one corner and expel it in the opposite corner.
This is not always possible, but you should position the intake and outflow ventilation pipes as far apart as possible to
avoid short circuiting the airflow and creating dead spots that do not get sufficient air exchanges.

If you have multiple rooms in your shelter, the air should be routed through as many of them as possible. The room that
the NBC air filter is located should have an overpressure valve between it and the rest of the shelter in case you lose your
grid power, then exhaust the battery, and are down to hand powered filtration and ventilation. When powering your filter
by hand, you want to have as small of a space as possible to protect. The overpressure valve helps the filter to create and
maintain overpressure by restricting and regulating the outflow of air - it opens to release air only when the pressure in
the room gets up to a certain pressure. It also acts as a check valve, not allowing air to flow back into the protected space.

Once the air leaves that room, it should flow throughout the shelter until it is expelled through the outflow system –
which should consist of an overpressure valve, a blast valve, and an outflow ventilation pipe if the air is expelled outside
of the shelter. If there are multiple rooms, the vents between the rooms that the air moves through should be on opposite
corners and at different heights in order to get the best ventilation.

Our automatic shelter ventilation system that utilizes the same intake pipes and valves that the Safe Cell uses to provide
daily ventilation of your shelter. It features a flexible 24 hour timer that will automatically give your shelter several air
exchanges a day – relieving the moisture and odors while replenishing the oxygen. This system can be utilized in Our
Earth Sheltered Homes as well as Our Bomb Shelters and Safe Room additions.
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